What to do if there is a power regulation fee after installing a photovoltaic power station

With the continuous increase of photovoltaic users, more and more photovoltaic grid

connected users have reported that the power factor of users has significantly

decreased after grid connection to the system. Through the collection system query

and comparison of power factors before and after grid connection, it was found that

the user feedback situation does exist.

The situation of photovoltaic grid connected users with reduced power factor is mostly

due to photovoltaic power generation capacity approaching load capacity, or photovoltaic

capacity greater than 30% of the capacity of the previous transformer. There are many

inductive loads in the factory, and due to the decrease in power factor, users need to pay

a portion of the power adjustment fee to the power grid company.

1. Power Factor and Power Regulation Tariff(1) Power factor: In AC circuits, the phase difference between voltage and current（ Φ）

The cosine of is called the power factor, denoted by the symbol cos Φ In numerical terms,

the power factor is the ratio of active power to apparent power, i.e. cos Φ= P/S. Because

the limited power is always less than or equal to the apparent power, the value of the

power factor is between 0 andWhen Φ= When the voltage and current are in the same phase in an AC circuit, the active

power is equal to the apparent power, and then cos Φ The value of is relatively high, i.e.

cos Φ= 1. This situation only occurs when there is only a pure resistive load in the circuit,

or when the inductance and capacitance are equal in the circuit. The phase of the current

in an inductive circuit always lags behind the voltage, at which point 00< φ>< At 90 °,

there is a 'lagging' cos in the circuit φ； In capacitive circuits, the phase of the current

always leads the voltage, at -90 °< φ>< 0 °, indicating the presence of 'leading' cos in

the circuit φ。< Span="">

Power factor is a factor that measures the efficiency of users' electrical equipment.

If the power factor is too low, it will reduce the operational efficiency of the power grid.

The calculation of power factor is obtained by calculating the values of the user's active

and reactive energy. Generally speaking, the higher the proportion of reactive energy,

the lower the power factor. Therefore, an important means to improve power factor is to

install reactive compensation devices to reduce reactive power.(2) Power factor adjustment electricity fee: According to the "Power Factor Adjustment

Electricity Fee Measures" (Shuishui Cai Zi No. 215 File) issued by the Ministry of Water

Resources and Electric Power and the National Price Bureau, power users with a capacity

of 100kVA or above must undergo power factor assessment. Failure to meet the

assessment criteria will result in an additional power factor adjustment fee (i.e. power

factor adjustment electricity fee). Those who exceed the assessment criteria will be

rewarded proportionally. The user power factor assessment standard is 0.85 or 0.90.

If the power factor is far below the standard, it will not only cause a burden on the power

grid operation, but also impose a huge amount of fines. Due to the inconsistency between

user load and load nature at different times of the day, users generally install reactive

power compensation devices (mostly capacitive devices) with automatic switching

function to automatically adjust the compensation intensity.

Power factor assessment and power regulation fees are effective means to ensure the

safe operation of the power grid, and are institutional guarantees to encourage users

to adjust their power factors independently. The pilot and promotion of photovoltaic

power generation is an important part of the national energy strategy and a necessary

path for the development of the State Grid. The unexpected fines caused by photovoltaic

access not only hinder the promotion of photovoltaic power generation, but also reduce

the trust of users in power supply enterprises.